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== Top 20 FREQUENT WORDS ==
microfinance 13
lending 11
banks 10
sudan 10
credit 9
limited 8
micro 8
based 7
loans 7
cbos 6
funds 6
services 6
social 6
banking 5
finance 5
areas 4
clients 4
development 4
khartoum 4
ngos 4
operations 4
percent 4
procedures 4
projects 4
savings 4
sector 4
successful 4
training 4
volume 4



== DOCUMENT KEY POINTS ==
*i R local government bodies below state level i R banking system i R insurance sector i R projects funds programs schemes i R ngos cooperatives and cbos i R private sector i R training institutions and universities
*key stakeholders suppliers i R federal government gnu i R state governments goss etc

*microfinance supply state of art i R several trials in micro lending have been launched in sudan during the past few decades to extend a small loans to the poor small producers and low income groups including women
*i R however it appears that there has been no conformity in approach among the institutions undertaking these endeavors

*i R hence microfinance as known and practiced worldwide does not really exist in sudan offering financial services such as micro loans repeated and larger loans consumption loans savings deposits money transfers insurance and adopting acknowledged performance measurement indicators
*i R most institutions and agencies involved in this field operate mainly with a credit minimalist approach

*i R since approximately percent of total bank loans were allocated to financing the social sector and this percentage has gradually increased to reach percent in the bank of sudan s credit policy for
*i R the degree of success achieved varies according to the nature of the institution and the environment in which it operates

*i R despite the differences among the banks in volume of lending number of businesses financed and portfolio at risk ratio of the value of micro lending in each bank to its total value of lending portfolio is very low
*i R the cbos circulars issued on this policy defined social development as productive families handicrafts artisans and a small professionals

*i R despite this considerable increase to date micro lending has not exceeded percent of the total volume of finance of most banks with the exception of the savings and social development bank the exports promotion bank the nelien bank and the agricultural bank of sudan
*i R according to cbos statistical records the volume of micro lending has increased by more than percent from sdg million to more than sdg million between and

*the client has to open and activate a bank account before receiving a loan clients are required to issue post dated cheques for installments they have to provide adequate and conventional collateral lengthy procedures etc
*i efforts depend entirely on individual bank initiatives not within a national policy i no unified definition of the target group or a set of unified eligibility criteria across banks or even across branches

*i R almost no bank targeted the poor i R most experiences with few exceptions were in urban or semi urban areas i R limited experience in field work and limited links with grass root organizations cbos and hence limited coverage i R banking system is structured to serve those in the formal sector licenses clearance from zakat and taxes land lease banking accounts requirements of cheques and collateral etc
*i R little emphasis on the savings component i R no allowance for consumption emergency loans opening up potential for diversion of funds to urgent needs

*development projects based experience i R adoption of an integrated development approach i R achieving good results in environmental protection and rehabilitation i R using credit as a tool for poverty alleviation i R forming and working with cbos as intermediaries i R achieving some success in financing agricultural production but varied success in igps i R low skills and inadequate training in credit and investment i R capital erosion in the earlier projects i R limited impact on women one exception is upap i R good coordination with government counterparts i R high cost of research projects and management e
*in the adss i R lack of savings mobilization i R absence of consumption loans i R limited targeting of the poor and of special needs

*i R the economic and services infrastructure is not conducive for operations in most areas of sudan i R poor coordination between banks i R microfinance operations are not linked with business advisory services bds i R dearth of information among most banks about credit demand in the different geographic areas
*i R there is a limited volume of funds earmarked for microfinance i R costing and pricing of lending services is a challenge i R there is a lack of knowledge among microfinance clients of the available programs particularly in rural areas

*fao dfid ifad aoad aaaid sweco unicons worldbank afmanena pact sudan fsfm frankfurt ministry of finance ministry of agriculture bos microfinance unit university of khartoum sudan banking academy doctor abubakr i
*hussein rural finance marketing expert abubakrhussein hotmail dot com


 ''Please note, This is an auto generated summary based on sentances position in the document and other factors''
== DOCUMENT WORD ANALYSIS ==
=== Main Category ===
: AlHuda Material\islamic micro


=== KeyWords ===
loan microfin islam borrow programmatic repay busi financial incom officeas finance activa insurable applic service relief policies local amount econometric



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== DOCUMENT REFERENCES ==


=== Number of Pages ===
16


=== Published Date ===
2016-09-17 00:48:38


== Full Document ==


[https://www.hodhood.com/en/HodHoodDocuments/IslamicFinance/IslamicMicro/Small%20Scale%20Enterprise%20Development%20from%20Microfinance%20to%20Macr.pdf Read the Full Document]


[[Category:Islamic Finance]]

[[Category: Islamic Micro]]