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The Islamic Vision of Development
in the Light of Maqasid Al-Shariah
M. Umer Chapra
Research Adviser
IRTI-IDB
1
The Vision of Islam
• The Vision of Islam:
To be a blessing for mankind (&'()*)+ ,(-)ر
• To promote the well-being (ح23) of all
• Isn't this the goal of all societies?
• Yes! The difference lies in the concept of well-being and how it is to be
realized
2
How to Realize well-being (Falah)?
• By helping realize the Maqasid Al-Shariah (Objectives of the Shariah)
&([\]R X[A YZ3 ،ST+XA وST)IW وST)@U وSTIPW وSTVR دST')U OPQR وه> أن،,I(J F)G+& اA عCD+@?>د اA
:g+اhi+ )ا,Q)?A XT*3 ود،ةfIPA >T3 >لab>ت ه_^ اPR XA Y وآ،,Q)?A >T3 ,I(G+>ل اab ه_^ اOP-
(١٣٩ ص،١ ج، ١٩٣٧ ،gP?]I(+ا
(Al- Ghazali, al-Mustasfa, 1937, Vol. 1, p.139; see also al-Shatibi.(d.790/1388),
n.d.).
"The objective of the Shariah is the well-being of the people, which lies in
safeguarding their faith (Din), their self (Nafs), their intellect ('Aql), their posterity
(Nasl) and their wealth (Mal). Whatever ensures the safeguard of these five
principles serves public interest and is desirable, and whatever hurts them is against
public interest and its removal is desirable" (al-Ghazali, 1937, Vol. 1, p.139 and al-
Shatibi, Vol. 1, p.38.
3
Some Clarifications:
1. Are these the only maqasid?
2. Are we bound by the sequence given by al-Ghazali?
3. Do we just safeguard or do we go beyond this to enrich and strengthen?
4. Are these maqasid independent of each other or are they interdependent?
• The human self (~PV+)ا
• Faith (&Rf+)ا
• Intellect (Y@*+)ا
• Posterity (YIV+)ا
• Wealth (لX(+)ا
4
Figure 1
AL-MAQASID (OBJECTIVES OF) AL-SHARIAH
Human Development and Well-Being
To be realized by ensuring the enrichment of the following five ingredients for every
individual
Nafs
The human self
Real human
Mal development and Din
Wealth well-being Faith
(Blessing for
mankind)
Aql
Intellect
Nasl
Posterity
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Figure 2
Enrichment of the
human self
(Nafs)
Dignity, Spiritual Security Good
self-respect Justice and of life Freedom Education governanc
and social (2) moral and (5) (6) e
equality uplift property (7)
(1) (3) (4)
Need Employme Equitable Marriage and Family
Mental Minimiza-
fulfilment nt and self- distribution proper and social
upbringing of peace and tion of crime
employmen of income solidarity
(8) children happiness and anomie
t and wealth (12)
(9) (10) (11)
(13) (14)
Wealth Intellect Posterity
(Māl) (‘Aql) (Nasl)
Faith
(Dīn)
Human
well-being
(Falah)
6
Figure 3
Enrichment
of Faith
Worldview
(Tawhīd, Khilafah,
Risālah and Ākhirah)
Values Education
(Rules of Proper motivation (moral as well as
behaviour) material)
Justice, freedom, security
of life, property and
honour, honesty, Removal of poverty, Equitable Family integrity,
fulfillment of all socio- need fulfilment of all, distribution social solidarity
economic and political employment and (Human and political
obligations, patience, self-employment brotherhood) stability
thriftners, prudence, opportunities
tolerance, mutual care
and trust, etc.
Good
governance
Enrichment of Self,
Intellect and
Posterity
Well-being of all
(Falāh&)
7
Figure 4
Enrichment of
‘Aql (intellect)
Reward
Proper High quality Library Freedom for
upbringing of education and of thought creative Finance
at affordable research and work
prices facilities expression
Expansion of knowledge
and technological base
Enrichment of faith, self,
posterity and wealth
Socio-economic and
political development
Human
well-being
8
Figure 5
Enrichment of
posterity
(Nasl)
Intellectual and
Marriage and Social solidarity moral Need fulfilment
family integrity development
Moral and Healthy Freedom from
worldly education environment conflict and
insecurity
Enrichment of
self, faith, intellect
and wealth
Sustainable human
development
9
Figure 6
Development of
Wealth
(Māl)
(Trust from God))
Education,
research, and Security of Employment
improvement life, Good Freedom of and self-
in technology and property governance enterprise employment
management and honour opportunities
Removal of Social
poverty, need solidarity and Saving and Optimum rate of
fulfillment and mutual Investment development
equitable trust
distribution
Enrichment of faith, self,
intellect and posterity
Well-being
(Falah)
10
Figure 7
Human Well-Being:
The Light of Maqasid al- Shariah
FAITH (DIN)
INTELLECT(‘AQL) SELF (NAFS)
WEALTH (MAL) POSTERITY (NASL)
11
